Volume 5, Issue 3 (Winter 2019)
SJNMP 2019, 5(3): 83-94 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Shahoei R, Sharifish S, Soufizadeh N, Khanpour F. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction on Anxiety in Pregnant Women. SJNMP 2019; 5 (3) :83-94
URL: http://sjnmp.muk.ac.ir/article-1-271-en.html
URL: http://sjnmp.muk.ac.ir/article-1-271-en.html
1- Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
2- Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences ,far.khanpour@gmail.com
2- Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences ,
Abstract: (3329 Views)
Background & Aim: Pregnancy is often associated with various psychological problems, such as anxiety. However, these problems are often overlooked and not treated. This study aimed to determine the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction (BMSR) on anxiety in pregnant women in Sanandaj, Iran.
Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental research had a pretest-posttest design and control group. In total, 500 pregnant mothers referred to clinics and delivery ward of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj were selected by convenience sampling. After completing the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, 250 individuals with a high anxiety level were detected, 50 of whom were selected and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in eight MBSR teaching sessions, whereas the subjects in the control group received no treatment. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22 using independent and paired t-tests.
Results: In this study, 35% of the participants had an MSc and 40% had a diploma. In addition, 90% of the subjects were housewives, and the mean age at marriage was 24.4+60.95 years. Moreover, 77.5% had the intention to choose natural delivery. According to the results, obvious and hidden anxiety was reported at a moderate-to-high level in 50% of the cases. Furthermore, the mean obvious anxiety changed from 45.9 to 49.8 (P>0.05) and from 46.9 to 37.8 (P<0.05) in the control and intervention groups, respectively. On the other hand, hidden anxiety changed from 42.9 to 47.8 (P>0.05) and from 44.9 to 38.8 (P>0.05) in the control and intervention groups, respectively. While the intervention was significantly effective in terms of reduced obvious anxiety, there is insignificant reduction in hidden anxiety in the participants.
Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of MBSR on anxiety of pregnant mothers, this method can be used to reduce anxiety in these individuals.
Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental research had a pretest-posttest design and control group. In total, 500 pregnant mothers referred to clinics and delivery ward of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj were selected by convenience sampling. After completing the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, 250 individuals with a high anxiety level were detected, 50 of whom were selected and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in eight MBSR teaching sessions, whereas the subjects in the control group received no treatment. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22 using independent and paired t-tests.
Results: In this study, 35% of the participants had an MSc and 40% had a diploma. In addition, 90% of the subjects were housewives, and the mean age at marriage was 24.4+60.95 years. Moreover, 77.5% had the intention to choose natural delivery. According to the results, obvious and hidden anxiety was reported at a moderate-to-high level in 50% of the cases. Furthermore, the mean obvious anxiety changed from 45.9 to 49.8 (P>0.05) and from 46.9 to 37.8 (P<0.05) in the control and intervention groups, respectively. On the other hand, hidden anxiety changed from 42.9 to 47.8 (P>0.05) and from 44.9 to 38.8 (P>0.05) in the control and intervention groups, respectively. While the intervention was significantly effective in terms of reduced obvious anxiety, there is insignificant reduction in hidden anxiety in the participants.
Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of MBSR on anxiety of pregnant mothers, this method can be used to reduce anxiety in these individuals.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2019/07/21 | Revised: 2020/07/19 | Accepted: 2019/10/24 | Published: 2019/12/22 | ePublished: 2019/12/22
Received: 2019/07/21 | Revised: 2020/07/19 | Accepted: 2019/10/24 | Published: 2019/12/22 | ePublished: 2019/12/22
References
1. Madhavanprabhakaran GK, D'Souza MS, Nairy KS. Prevalence of pregnancy anxiety and associated factors. Int J Afr Nurs Sci. 2015; 3:1-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijans.2015.06.002]
2. Yazdanimehr R, Omidi A, Sadat Z, Akbari H. The effect of mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavior therapy on depression and anxiety among pregnant women:a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Caring Sciences. 2016;5(1):195-200. [DOI:10.15171/jcs.2016.021]
3. 3 .Deklava L, Lubina K, Circenis K, SudrabaV, Millere I. Causes of anxiety during pregnancy. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2015; 205:623-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.09.097]
4. Soto-Vásquez MR, Alvarado-García PAA. Aromatherapy with two essential oils from Satureja genre and mindfulness meditation to reduce anxiety in humans. World J Tradit Chin Med. 2017;7(1):121-5. [DOI:10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.06.003]
5. Setterberg S, Nissen E, Jonas W, Niemi M. Perinatal stress,anxiety,and depression: Effects of a MBCP intervention on mother-infant interaction. Eur Psychiatry. 2017;41:30-39. [DOI:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.149]
6. Kane HS, Schetter CD, Glynn LM, Hobel CJ, Sandman CA. Pregnancy anxiety and prenatal cortisol trajectories. Biol Psychol. 2014;100:9-13. [DOI:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.04.003]
7. Veringa IK, de Bruin EI, Bardacke N, Duncan LG, van Steensel FJ, Dirksen CD, et al. 'I've changed my mind', mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting or pregnant women with a high level of fear of childbirth and their partners: study protocol of the quasi-experimental controlled trial. BMC psychiatry. 2016;6(1):377-380. [DOI:10.1186/s12888-016-1070-8]
8. Preciado A, D'Anna-Hernandez K.Acculturative stress is associated with trajectory of anxiety symptoms during pregnancy in Mexican-American women. J Anxiety Disord. 2017;48:28-3. [DOI:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.10.005]
9. Zareipour MA, Sadaghianifar A, Amirzehni J, Parsnezhad M, Rahnema VA. Exploring of depression, anxiety and stress in pregnant women referred to health centers of urmia. Rahavard Salamat. 2018;3(2):20-30. [Persian].
10. Mizuno T,Tamakoshi K,Tanabe K. Anxiety during pregnancy and autonomic nervous system activity: A longitudinal observational and cross-sectional study. J Psychosom Res. 2017;99:105-11. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.06.006]
11. Beattie J, Hall H, Biro MA,East C, Lau R. Effects of mindfulness on maternal stress, depressive symptoms and awareness of present moment experience: A pilot randomised trial. Midwifery 2017;50:174-83. [DOI:10.1016/j.midw.2017.04.006]
12. Westerneng M,Witteveen AB, Warmelink JC, Spelten E, Honig A, de Cock P. Pregnancy-specific anxiety and its association with background characteristics and health-related behaviors in a low-risk population. Compr Psychiat. 2017;75:6-13. [DOI:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.02.002]
13. Tomfohr-Madsen LM, Campbell TS, Giesbrecht GF, Letourneau NL, Carlson LE, Madsen JW, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for psychological distress in pregnancy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Trials J. 2016;17(1):498-52. [DOI:10.1186/s13063-016-1601-0]
14. Akiki S, Avison WR, Speechley KN, Campbell MK. Determinants of maternal antenatal state-anxiety in mid-pregnancy: Role of maternal feelings about the pregnancy. J Affect Dis. 2016;196:260-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.016]
15. Asselmann E, Hoyer J, Wittchen H-U, Martini J. Sexual problems during pregnancy and after delivery among women with and without anxiety and depressive disorders prior to pregnancy: A prospective-longitudinal study. J Sex Med. 2016;13(1):95-104. [DOI:10.1016/j.jsxm.2015.12.005]
16. Malis FR, Meyer T, Gross MM. Effects of an antenatal mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting programme on the postpartum experiences of mothers: a qualitative interview study. BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth. 2017; 17(1):57-60. [DOI:10.1186/s12884-017-1240-9]
17. Hall HG, Beattie J, Lau R, East C, Biro MA. Mindfulness and perinatal mental health: A systematic review. Women and Birth. 2016; 29(1):62-71. [DOI:10.1016/j.wombi.2015.08.006]
18. Akbarzadeh M, Toosi M, Zare N, Sharif F. Effect of relaxation and attachment behaviors training on anxiety in first-time mothers in shiraz city, 2010:a randomized clinical trial. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2013;6(4):14-23. [Persian].
19. Emanparast R, Barsam H, Danish CH, Ajodani Z. The effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on reducing anxiety in primordial maternity. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. 2014;22(1):974-980. [Persian]
20. Narimani M, Musavi SKS. Effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy on anxiety,stress and depression of pregnant adolescents:a randomized clinical trial. European Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2015;2(1):1-4. [DOI:10.5455/ejfs.167903]
21. Aslami E, Alipour A, Najib FS, Aghayosefi A. A comparative study of mindfulness efficiency based on islamic-spiritual schemes and group cognitive behavioral therapy on reduction of anxiety and depression in pregnant women. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2017;5(2):144-50.
22. Shi Z, MacBeth A. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Maternal Perinatal Mental Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Mindfulness. 2017;8(4):823-47. [DOI:10.1007/s12671-016-0673-y]
23. Lovas DA, Barsky AJ. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for hypochondriasis, or severe health anxiety: A pilot study. J Anxiety Disord. 2010;24(8):931-5. [DOI:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.06.019]
24. Shulman B, Dueck R,Ryan D, Breau G, Sadowski I, Misri S. Feasibility of a Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy group intervention as an adjunctive treatment for postpartum depression and anxiety. J Affect Dis. 2018;235:61-67. [DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.065]
25. Dunn C, Hanieh E, Roberts R, Powrie R. Mindful pregnancy and childbirth: effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on women's psychological distress and well-being in the perinatal period. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2012;15(2):139-43. [DOI:10.1007/s00737-012-0264-4]
26. Court H, Greenland K, Margrain TH. Measuring Patient Anxiety in Primary Care: Rasch Analysis of the6item Spielberger State Anxiety Scale. Value in Health. 2010;13(6):813-9. [DOI:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2010.00758.x]
27. Perpiñá-Galvañ J, Richart-Martínez M, Cabañero-Martínez MJ. Reliability and validity of a short version of the STAI anxiety measurement scale in respiratory patients. Arch Bronconeumol. 2011;47(4):184-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.arbres.2010.11.006]
28. Bunevičiu A, Čėsnaitė E,Mockutė I, Kusminskas L, Bunevičiu R. Antenatal maternal mental state and anthropometric characteristics of the neonates: impact of symptoms of depression and anxiety. Biologinė Psichiatrija. 2007;91:13-6.
29. Behdani F, Sargolzari MR, Gorbani A. Study of the relationship between lifestyle and prevalence of depression and anxiety in the student of sabzevar universities. Asrar. 2000;7(2):27-38.
30. Tahmasebi H, Hasani S, Akbarzadeh H, Darvishi H. Obvious and hidden anxiety of patients before coronary angiography. Family Health Quarterly. 2012;1(1):41-44. [Persian]
31. Mohammad Khani P, Khannipour H. Mindfulness Therapy (along with a practical guide for mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to prevent depression recurrence. Tehran: University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Publications2012; 110-50. [Persian]
32. Rafsanjani Akbar Abady Z, Hosinzade Tagvaee, Pasang S. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on Pregnancy Anxiety and Stress Reduction in Pregnant Women in Karaj.4th Iranian Scientific Conference on Educational and Psychological Sciences, Social and Cultural Injuries2016.Tehran. [Persian]
33. Payvastegar M, Khodabakhsh R, Vaziri F. The Effect of Mindfulness on Reducing Anxiety in Pregnant Women in Ahvaz. Al-Zahra University. Faculty of Education and Psychology2013. [Persian]
34. Mradan S. Evaluation of delivery method and its causes from the point of view of patients referring to medical centers of Semnan.Iranian Journal of Midwifery and Infertility2004;7(2):44-9. [Persian]
35. Vieten C, Astin J. Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention during pregnancy on prenatal stress and mood: results of a pilot study. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2008;11(1):67-74. [DOI:10.1007/s00737-008-0214-3]
36. Sivak K. mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for pregnant women with previous difficult postpartum mood: a mixed methods exploratory study. University of British Columbia. 2013:1-269.
37. Young KS, Van der Velden AM, Craske MG, Pallesen KJ, Fjorback L, Roepstorff A, et al. The impact of mindfulness-based interventions on brain activity: A systematic review of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017; 84:424-433. [DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.003]
38. Galhardo A, Cunha M, Pinto-Gouveia J. Mindfulness-based program for infertility: Efficacy study. Fertil Steril. 2013; 100(4):1059-67. [DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.05.036]
39. Bullis JR, Bøe HJ, Asnaani A, Hofmann SG. The benefits of being mindful: Trait mindfulness predicts less stress reactivity to suppression. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry) 2014;45(1):57-66. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.07.006]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
