Volume 10, Issue 2 (12-2024)
SJNMP 2024, 10(2): 198-218 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Sodeify R, Habibpour Z, Sabri V, akbarbegloo M. The lived experiences of families of those who died from corona: a qualitative study. SJNMP 2024; 10 (2) :198-218
URL: http://sjnmp.muk.ac.ir/article-1-632-en.html
URL: http://sjnmp.muk.ac.ir/article-1-632-en.html
1- Nursing Department, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
2- Nursing Department, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran ,habibpoor_z@khoyums.ac.ir
3- Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
2- Nursing Department, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran ,
3- Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
Abstract: (795 Views)
Background & Aims: Pandemic diseases play an important role as a global threat because they cause a large number of deaths and crises at the same time and create many problems in compliance with disease restrictions. The corona epidemic, with its high adult mortality rate, has caused family groups to grieve. However, due to the special epidemic prevention situation during the COVID-19 epidemic, the funeral, and burial ceremonies of the deceased were also quite different from the usual situation. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of describing the experience of grief caused by the coronavirus pandemic among grieving families in Khoi City.
Materials & Methods: A qualitative approach of contract content analysis was used in this study, where 15 bereaved family members due to the death of a first-degree relative during the corona pandemic participated in a targeted sampling process with semi-structured interviews until full data saturationThen the data was analyzed using the Graneheim & Lundman method.
Results: The data analysis led to the emergence of four main themes, including "lack of well-being" (Mental disturbances, physical and physiological symptoms, Spiritual disturbances), "coping reactions" (complex grief and efficient behavior), and "cold grief"(silent death and regret farewell) and "feeling abandoned" (lack of social and relatives support).
Conclusion: The public and politicians were poorly prepared and had low response capabilities to the emerging infectious disease COVID-19. Therefore, more preparation is needed to deal with a similar crisis. Therefore, in order to avoid repeating the problems experienced, it is necessary to have specific guidelines for different groups facing a similar crisis, and for that, more quantitative and qualitative research is needed on different age groups and specific groups at different times.
Materials & Methods: A qualitative approach of contract content analysis was used in this study, where 15 bereaved family members due to the death of a first-degree relative during the corona pandemic participated in a targeted sampling process with semi-structured interviews until full data saturationThen the data was analyzed using the Graneheim & Lundman method.
Results: The data analysis led to the emergence of four main themes, including "lack of well-being" (Mental disturbances, physical and physiological symptoms, Spiritual disturbances), "coping reactions" (complex grief and efficient behavior), and "cold grief"(silent death and regret farewell) and "feeling abandoned" (lack of social and relatives support).
Conclusion: The public and politicians were poorly prepared and had low response capabilities to the emerging infectious disease COVID-19. Therefore, more preparation is needed to deal with a similar crisis. Therefore, in order to avoid repeating the problems experienced, it is necessary to have specific guidelines for different groups facing a similar crisis, and for that, more quantitative and qualitative research is needed on different age groups and specific groups at different times.
Type of Study: Qualitative study |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2024/09/17 | Revised: 2025/01/5 | Accepted: 2024/12/20 | Published: 2024/12/20 | ePublished: 2024/12/20
Received: 2024/09/17 | Revised: 2025/01/5 | Accepted: 2024/12/20 | Published: 2024/12/20 | ePublished: 2024/12/20
References
1. Gostin L.O, et al. Toward a common secure future: four global commissions in the wake of Ebola. PLoS medicine. 2016; 13(5): e1002042. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002042]
2. Aguiar A, M Pinto and R Duarte. A qualitative study on the impact of death during COVID-19: Thoughts and feelings of Portuguese bereaved adults. Plos one. 2022; 17(4): e0265284. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0265284]
3. Yin X and L Zeng. A study on the psychological needs of nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 from the perspective of the existence, relatedness, and growth theory. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2020; 7(2): 157-60. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.04.002]
4. Bai Y, et al. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. Jama. 2020; 323(14): 1406-7. [DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.2565]
5. World Health Organization. (2020). WHO statement regarding cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, C.B.W.J.
6. Rahmatinejad P, Yazdi M, Khosravi Z, Shahisadrabadi F. Lived experience of patients with coronavirus (Covid-19): a phenomenological study. Journal of Research in Psychological Health. 2020;14(1):71-86 . [Persian]
7. Yoosefi Lebni J, et al. Lived experiences and challenges of the families of COVID-19 victims: a qualitative phenomenological study in Tehran, Iran. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing. 2022; 59(1): 00469580221081405. [Persian] [DOI:10.1177/00469580221081405]
8. Rasoul Chamani Ghalandari F.D, Roonak Rezaei. The effectiveness of semantic therapy training on psychological resilience and psychological well-being of mourning women. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry. 2019; 6(4): 26-36. [Persian] [DOI:10.29252/shenakht.6.4.26]
9. Farahmalitzi S, Asgari K, Taghvi F. Cognitive behavioral therapy at an adaptive level for high school students suffering from abnormal sadness. Behavioral Science Research. 2012; 5(2): 373- 82. [Persian]
10. Morris S, Fletcher K and Goldstein R. The grief of parents after the death of a young child. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings. 2019; 26:321-38. [DOI:10.1007/s10880-018-9590-7]
11. Kristensen P, Weisæth L and Heir T. Bereavement and mental health after sudden and violent losses: A review. Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes. 2012; 75(1):76-97. [DOI:10.1521/psyc.2012.75.1.76]
12. Esmaeilpour K, Bakhshalizadeh MS. The severity of grief reactions following death of first-grade relatives. IJPCP. 2015; 20(4): 363-71. [Persian]
13. Mayland CR, Harding AJ, Preston N, Payne S. Supporting adults bereaved through COVID-19: a rapid review of the impact of previous pandemics on grief and bereavement. Journal of pain and symptom management. 2020; 60(2): 33-39. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.05.012]
14. Kentish-Barnes N, Cohen-Solal Z, Morin L, Souppart V, Pochard F, Azoulay E. Lived experiences of family members of patients with severe COVID-19 who died in intensive care units in France. JAMA network open. 2021;4(6):2113355. [DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13355]
15. Erlingsson C, Brysiewicz P. A hands-on guide to doing content analysis. African journal of emergency medicine. 2017;7(3):93-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.afjem.2017.08.001]
16. Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse education today. 2004;24(2):105-12. [DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001]
17. Holloway I, Galvin K. Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. John Wiley & Sons; 2023 Aug 28.
18. Fathi K, Shirmardi S, Mahar Z, Koraei A. Predicting Corona disease anxiety based on maladaptive schemas of abandonment, vulnerability to harm and disease, and perceived social support. RJMS 2021; 28(7):16-25. [Persian]
19. Dyregrov K, Møgster B, Løseth HM, Lorås L, Titlestad KB. The special grief following drug related deaths. Addiction research & theory. 2020;28(5):415-24. [DOI:10.1080/16066359.2019.1679122]
20. Miyabayashi S, Yasuda JI. Effects of loss from suicide, accidents, acute illness and chronic illness on bereaved spouses and parents in Japan: Their general health, depressive mood, and grief reaction. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2007;61(5):502-8. [DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01699.x]
21. Shahini N, Abbassani S, Ghasemzadeh M, Nikfar E, Heydari-Yazdi AS, Charkazi A, Derakhshanpour F. Grief experience after deaths: Comparison of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 causes. Journal of Patient Experience. 2022;9:23743735221089697. [DOI:10.1177/23743735221089697]
22. Mason TM, Tofthagen CS, Buck HG. Complicated grief: risk factors, protective factors, and interventions. Journal of social work in end-of-life & palliative care. 2020;16(2):151-74. [DOI:10.1080/15524256.2020.1745726]
23. Shahyad S, Mohammadi MT. Psychological impacts of Covid-19 outbreak on mental health status of society individuals: a narrative review. Journal of military medicine. 2020;22(2):184-92. [Persian]
24. Kokou-Kpolou K, Mbassa Menick D, Moukouta CS, Baugnet L, Kpelly DE. A cross-cultural approach to complicated grief reactions among Togo-Western African immigrants in Europe. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2017;48(8):1247-62. [DOI:10.1177/0022022117721972]
25. Pargament KI, Exline JJ, Jones JW. APA handbook of psychology, religion, and spirituality (Vol 1): Context, theory, and research. American Psychological Association; 2013. [DOI:10.1037/14045-000]
26. Updegraff JA, Taylor SE. From vulnerability to growth: Positive and negative effects of stressful life events. InLoss and trauma. 2021 Dec 16 (pp. 3-28). Routledge. [DOI:10.4324/9781315783345-2]
27. Rogalla KB. Anticipatory grief, proactive coping, social support, and growth: Exploring positive experiences of preparing for loss. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying. 2020;81(1):107-29. [DOI:10.1177/0030222818761461]
28. Javed S, Parveen H. Adaptive coping strategies used by people during coronavirus. Journal of education and health promotion. 2021;10(1):122. [DOI:10.4103/jehp.jehp_522_20]
29. Budimir S, Probst T, Pieh C. Coping strategies and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown. Journal of Mental Health. 2021;30(2):156-63. [DOI:10.1080/09638237.2021.1875412]
30. Biancalani G, Azzola C, Sassu R, Marogna C, Testoni I. Spirituality for coping with the trauma of a loved one's death during the COVID-19 pandemic: An Italian qualitative study. Pastoral psychology. 2022;71(2):173-85. [DOI:10.1007/s11089-021-00989-8]
31. Ghaderi S, Oraee N. Religion and Covid 19: Part of the Problem or Part of the Solution. Journal of Iranian Social Studies. 2020;14(4):76-105. [Persian]
32. Weir K. Grief and COVID-19: Saying goodbye in the age of physical distancing. PsycEXTRA Dataset. 2020. [DOI:10.1037/e502882020-001]
33. Kiani M, Hashemi Nassab F. A phenomenological study of mourning in coronavirus deaths. Journal of Iranian Social Studies. 2020;14(4):106-27. [Persian]
34. Albuquerque S, Teixeira AM, Rocha JC. COVID-19 and disenfranchised grief. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2021;12:638874. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.638874]
35. Zhai Y, Du X. Loss and grief amidst COVID-19: A path to adaptation and resilience. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2020;87:80-1. [DOI:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.053]
36. Weeks OD. The healing power of rituals. Illness, Crisis & Loss. 1998;6(2):170-84. [DOI:10.2190/IL6.2.e]
37. Borghi L, Menichetti J. Strategies to cope with the COVID-related deaths among family members. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2021;12:622850. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.622850]
38. Farahati M. Psychological Impacts of the Spread of Coronavirus in Society. Social Impact Assessment. 2020;1(2(Supplement)):207-225. [Persian]
39. Wallace CL, Wladkowski SP, Gibson A, White P. Grief during the COVID-19 pandemic: considerations for palliative care providers. Journal of pain and symptom management. 2020;60(1):70-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.012]
40. Hasannia S, Salimi H, Vazpour Sh. Psychological Impact of Fatal Road Accidents on Victims' Families. Rahor Research Studies. 2014; 8(3): 59-86. [Persian]
41. Mariani R, Renzi A, Di Trani M, Trabucchi G, Danskin K, Tambelli R. The impact of coping strategies and perceived family support on depressive and anxious symptomatology during the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) lockdown. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2020;11:587724. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.587724]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
