Volume 10, Issue 4 (6-2025)
SJNMP 2025, 10(4): 407-424 |
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Ahmadian K, Pira R, Habibi M R, Ebrahimi Moghadam J, Abbasi S, Reshad Manesh N et al . Prevalence of Violence and Its Relationship with General Health and Resilience among Prehospital Emergency Personnel in Kurdistan Province. SJNMP 2025; 10 (4) :407-424
URL: http://sjnmp.muk.ac.ir/article-1-665-en.html
URL: http://sjnmp.muk.ac.ir/article-1-665-en.html
Kamel Ahmadian1 
, Reza Pira , Mohamad Reza Habibi , Jamile Ebrahimi Moghadam , Sirvan Abbasi , Nasher Reshad Manesh , Farzaneh Khanpour *2
, Reza Pira , Mohamad Reza Habibi , Jamile Ebrahimi Moghadam , Sirvan Abbasi , Nasher Reshad Manesh , Farzaneh Khanpour *2
1- Pre-hospital emergency
2- ,Far.khanpour@gmail.com
2- ,
Abstract: (47 Views)
Background & Aim: Prehospital emergency personnel are the first line of medical response at the patient's bedside and are significantly exposed to various forms of violence. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of verbal and physical violence against prehospital emergency staff and examine its relationship with general health and resilience among personnel in Kurdistan Province.
Materials & Methods: This observational study employed a descriptive-analytical design. The study population consisted of all prehospital emergency personnel in Kurdistan Province. Using simple random sampling, 230 participants were selected. Data were collected through the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) , the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) , and a researcher-developed questionnaire assessing workplace violence. Descriptive statistics were used for preliminary data analysis. Due to the non-normal distribution of quantitative variables, Spearman's correlation coefficient and the Mann–Whitney U test were utilized for inferential analysis.
Results: Findings revealed that 62.6% of emergency personnel had experienced verbal violence, 42.6% reported exposure to cultural violence, and 19.1% had encountered physical violence. Among the perceived causes, 53% of participants attributed the violence to the public’s lack of awareness regarding emergency services. No statistically significant correlation was found between age, work experience, or working hours and general health or resilience (p > 0.05). Additionally, educational level was not significantly associated with general health or resilience (p > 0.05). However, a significant positive correlation was identified between general health and resilience scores (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Prehospital emergency personnel are frequently exposed to verbal, cultural, and physical violence, with verbal assaults at the scene of incidents being the most common. The primary cause was reported to be the general public’s lack of understanding about the role and responsibilities of emergency responders.
Materials & Methods: This observational study employed a descriptive-analytical design. The study population consisted of all prehospital emergency personnel in Kurdistan Province. Using simple random sampling, 230 participants were selected. Data were collected through the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) , the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) , and a researcher-developed questionnaire assessing workplace violence. Descriptive statistics were used for preliminary data analysis. Due to the non-normal distribution of quantitative variables, Spearman's correlation coefficient and the Mann–Whitney U test were utilized for inferential analysis.
Results: Findings revealed that 62.6% of emergency personnel had experienced verbal violence, 42.6% reported exposure to cultural violence, and 19.1% had encountered physical violence. Among the perceived causes, 53% of participants attributed the violence to the public’s lack of awareness regarding emergency services. No statistically significant correlation was found between age, work experience, or working hours and general health or resilience (p > 0.05). Additionally, educational level was not significantly associated with general health or resilience (p > 0.05). However, a significant positive correlation was identified between general health and resilience scores (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Prehospital emergency personnel are frequently exposed to verbal, cultural, and physical violence, with verbal assaults at the scene of incidents being the most common. The primary cause was reported to be the general public’s lack of understanding about the role and responsibilities of emergency responders.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/05/17 | Revised: 2025/09/20 | Accepted: 2025/06/21 | Published: 2025/06/21 | ePublished: 2025/06/21
Received: 2025/05/17 | Revised: 2025/09/20 | Accepted: 2025/06/21 | Published: 2025/06/21 | ePublished: 2025/06/21
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