Volume 9, Issue 3 (2-2024)
SJNMP 2024, 9(3): 212-224 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Kakavand R, Khayatan F, Golparvar M. The Effectiveness of Vaginismus-Specific Schema Therapy on the Fear of Intimacy in Women with Vaginismus Disorder. SJNMP 2024; 9 (3) :212-224
URL: http://sjnmp.muk.ac.ir/article-1-579-en.html
URL: http://sjnmp.muk.ac.ir/article-1-579-en.html
1- Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
2- Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. ,f.khayatan@yahoo.com
3- Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
2- Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. ,
3- Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract: (536 Views)
Background & Aim: Vaginismus disorder is the second most common sexual dysfunction in women. Therefore, a therapeutic strategy that specifically deals with the symptoms and psychological problems caused by it will be the way forward. Therefore, the present study was performed with the aim of the effectiveness of vaginismus-specific schema therapy on the fear of intimacy in women with vaginismus disorder.
Materials & Methods: This research was a semi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest and follow-up design with a control group. In the winter of the year 2022, a statistical society of women with vaginismus symptoms referred to the midwifery clinic and women's hospital of Piambaran in Tehran. Among them, 45 individuals were purposefully selected and divided into three groups, each consisting of 15 participants. Descutner & Thelen (1991) fear of intimacy questionnaire was used to measure the dependent variable. Two experiment groups were treated in 10 sessions of 90 minutes each, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analysed using variance analysis of repeated measures and Bonferroni's post-hoc test in SPSS software-22.
Results: Both vaginismus-specific schema therapy and common schema therapy affected reducing the perceived fear of intimacy in women with vaginismus disorder compared to the control group (p<0.001). According to the comparison of the difference between the averages of the two intervention groups and the control group, the vaginismus-specific schema therapy had a greater effect on the improvement of the fear of intimacy than the common schema therapy (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of the research showed that the new schema therapy package for vaginismus can reduce the fear of intimacy among women with vaginismus by identifying their problems.
Materials & Methods: This research was a semi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest and follow-up design with a control group. In the winter of the year 2022, a statistical society of women with vaginismus symptoms referred to the midwifery clinic and women's hospital of Piambaran in Tehran. Among them, 45 individuals were purposefully selected and divided into three groups, each consisting of 15 participants. Descutner & Thelen (1991) fear of intimacy questionnaire was used to measure the dependent variable. Two experiment groups were treated in 10 sessions of 90 minutes each, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analysed using variance analysis of repeated measures and Bonferroni's post-hoc test in SPSS software-22.
Results: Both vaginismus-specific schema therapy and common schema therapy affected reducing the perceived fear of intimacy in women with vaginismus disorder compared to the control group (p<0.001). According to the comparison of the difference between the averages of the two intervention groups and the control group, the vaginismus-specific schema therapy had a greater effect on the improvement of the fear of intimacy than the common schema therapy (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of the research showed that the new schema therapy package for vaginismus can reduce the fear of intimacy among women with vaginismus by identifying their problems.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2023/11/22 | Revised: 2024/03/17 | Accepted: 2024/02/29 | Published: 2024/02/29 | ePublished: 2024/02/29
Received: 2023/11/22 | Revised: 2024/03/17 | Accepted: 2024/02/29 | Published: 2024/02/29 | ePublished: 2024/02/29
References
1. Banaei M, Kariman N, Ozgoli G, Nasiri M, Roozbeh N, Zare F. Sexual function among women with vaginismus: a biopsychosocial approach. J Sex Medi. 2023; 20(3): 298-312. [DOI:10.1093/jsxmed/qdac049]
2. Maldonado M, Nardi AE, Sardinha A. The role of vaginal penetration skills and vaginal penetration behavior in genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder. J Sex Marital Ther. 2023; 18: 1-3. [DOI:10.1080/0092623X.2023.2193587]
3. Nekoolaltak M, Azin SA, Nazari F, Ghorbani B. Treatment of vaginismus and subsequent pregnancy after 18 years of marriage: a case report. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2021; 24(4):108-119. [Persian]
4. APA AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. The American Psychiatric Association. 2013. [DOI:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596]
5. Omidvar Z, Bayazi MH, Faridhosseini F. The effect of mindfulness- based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy on cognitive emotion regulation in women with vaginismus. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2021; 24(9):40-49. [Persian]
6. Akhlaghi F, Rasouli N. The effectiveness of emotional schema therapy in reducing the symptoms of vaginismus and increasing sexual satisfaction in Housewives. NPWJM. 2022; 10(36): 88-97. [Persian]
7. Hamidi S, Shareh H, Hojjat SK. Comparison of early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles in women with vaginismus and normal women. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2015; 18(155,156): 9-18. [persian]
8. Anğın AD, Gün İ, Sakin Ö, Çıkman MS, Eserdağ S, Anğın P. Effects of predisposing factors on the success and treatment period in vaginismus. JBRA Assist Reprod. 2020; 24(2): 180-188. [DOI:10.5935/1518-0557.20200018]
9. Bornstein J, Goldstein AT, Stockdale CK. Female genito-pelvic pain penetration disorder 792 dias-Amaral, marques-pinto consensus terminology and classification of persistent vulvar pain and vulvodynia. J Sex Med. 2016; 13(04): 607-612. [DOI:10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.02.167]
10. Banaei, M., Kariman, N., Ozgoli, G. et al. Bio-psychosocial factor of vaginismus in Iranian women. Reprod Health 2021; 18(210). [DOI:10.1186/s12978-021-01260-2]
11. Erdős C, Kelemen O, Pócs D, Horváth E, Dudás N, Papp A, Paulik E. Female sexual dysfunction in association with sexual history, Sexual abuse and satisfaction: A cross-sectional study in hungary. J Clini Medi. 2023; 12(3): 1112. [DOI:10.3390/jcm12031112]
12. Mikulincer M, Shaver PR. Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. Guilford Publications; 2010 Jan 4.
13. Zahmatkesh A, Sabahi P, Rafieinia P. Differential analysis of cluster B personality disorders based on the theory of mind, Time perspective, social anxiety and fear of intimacy. Clinical Psychology and Personality. 2023; 20(2): 165-176. [Persian]
14. Poorseyed S. The mediating role of life hope and resilience in the relationship between corona phobia and Emotional intimacy of married women. Journal of Woman and Family Studies. 2023; 11(1). [Persian]
15. Pieri M. Intimacy and Sexuality: Weaving Significant Relationships. InLGBTQ+ People with Chronic Illness: Chroniqueers in Southern Europe 2023 Jan 13 (pp. 59-84). Cham: Springer International Publishing. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-22071-5_4]
16. Neilson EC, Maitland DW, George WH. Power-Related Emotions, Alcohol Intoxication, and Nonconsensual Sex Intentions: The Role of Fear of Intimacy. Sexual Abuse. 2023; 35(3): 313-39. [DOI:10.1177/10790632221096420]
17. Seyfizadeh H, Zareei Mahmodabadi H, Bakhshayesh AR. The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital adjustment with mediation fear of intimacy in married people. Journal of Family Research. 2019; 15(4): 467-486. [Persian]
18. Tabatabaee SS, Besharat M, Gholamali Lavasani M. Predicting sexual problems based on fear of intimacy and procrastination. Rooyesh. 2021; 10(2): 57-68. [Persian]
19. Morgis BL, Eving ES, Slaughter-Acey J, Fisher K, Jampol R. A hold me tight workshop for couple attachment and sexual intimacy. Contemporary Family Therapy. 2019; 41: 368-383. [DOI:10.1007/s10591-019-09504-x]
20. Alizadeh A, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder: a population-based study of Iranian women. J Sex Med. 2019; 16(7): 1068-77. [DOI:10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.04.019]
21. Abdnezhad R, Simbar MA. Review of vaginismus treatments. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2021; 24(7): 83-97. [Persian]
22. Ismaeilzadeh N, Akbari B. The effectiveness of schema therapy on sexual self-efficacy, martial satisfaction and early maladaptive schema in couples with con flicts. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical sciences. 2021; 64(1): 2286-2298. [Persian]
23. Bernstein DP, Keulen-de Vos M, Clercx M, De Vogel V, Kersten GC, Lancel M, Jonkers PP, Bogaerts S, Slaats M, Broers NJ, Deenen TA. Schema therapy for violent PD offenders: A randomized clinical trial. Psychological medicine. 2023; 53(1): 88-102. [DOI:10.1017/S0033291721001161]
24. Kakavand R, Khayatan F, Golparvar M. Comparison of the effectiveness of special schema therapy package with conventional schema therapy on sexual schemas and marital adjustment of women with vaginismus disorder. JARAC. 2022; 4(3): 87-100. [Persian] [DOI:10.52547/jarac.4.3.87]
25. Damiris IK, Allen A. Exploring the Relationship between Early Adaptive Schemas and Sexual Satisfaction. IJSH. 2023; 3: 1-7. [DOI:10.1080/19317611.2022.2155897]
26. Amini A, Ghorbanshirudi S, Khalatbari J. Comparison of the effectiveness of teaching emotion management strategies based on emotion-focused couple therapy approach and couple therapy based on schema therapy on sexual satisfaction and family functioning. Journal of Health System Research. 2023;18(4): 297-306. [Persian]
27. Qaderi H, Nabizadeh Chianeh Q, Esmaili Kurane A. Identity styles, loneliness and fear of intimacy among internet addicts and normal individuals. National Studies Journal. 2014; 15(60): 117-136. [Persian]
28. Attride-Stirling J. Thematic networks: an analytic tool for qualitative research. Qualitative Research. 2001; 1(3): 385-405. [DOI:10.1177/146879410100100307]
29. Gol A, Aghamohammadian Sharbaf H, Sedaghat F, Rasooli H. The effectiveness of schema therapy on the symptoms, the severity of early maladaptive schemas, confirm-seeking and self-concept in histrionic personality disorder. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2019; 21(6): 387-397. [Persian]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
